本書(shū)以青藏高原高海拔地區(qū)特殊地理位置和低壓環(huán)境條件為立足點(diǎn)，充分考慮在低壓缺氧環(huán)境下車輛綜合性能衰減和長(zhǎng)期積雪冰凍中行車穩(wěn)定性劇降，同時(shí)易引發(fā)駕駛員的高原反應(yīng)和疲勞駕駛等因素，全面系統(tǒng)地介紹了高海拔地區(qū)低壓缺氧環(huán)境下大型典型貨運(yùn)車型綜合性能以及駕駛員的心理生理變化和駕駛行為變化規(guī)律、高速公路運(yùn)行速度預(yù)測(cè)模型、高速公路速度控制與安全設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、高速公路幾何設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)指標(biāo)與取值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、服務(wù)設(shè)施配置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等研究成果，最后結(jié)合在花石峽至大武公路工程的示范和應(yīng)用，對(duì)示范工程的公路路線設(shè)計(jì)、速度控制設(shè)施進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化與完善。
目 錄
1 Introduction ................................................... 1
1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Introduction to Research Status Worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.1 Vehicle Dynamic Characteristics at High Altitude . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.2 Psycho-physiological Characteristics of Drivers
in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.2.3 Characteristics of Freeway Traffic Operation
in High-Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.2.4 Geometric Technical Indicators of Freeway Routes
in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.3 Main Research Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.3.1 Research on Vehicle Performance and Driving
Behavior in Low Pressure and Oxygen Deficient
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1.3.2 Research on Traffic Features and Speed Control
of Freeways in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.3.3 Research on Main Technical Indicators of Freeway
Alignment in Low Pressure and Oxygen Deficient
Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1.3.4 Study on Technical Standards and Design Guidelines
for Qinghai-Tibet Freeway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.4 Technical Difficulties and Research Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
1.5 Scientific and Technological Achievements and Innovation . . . . . . . 43
1.6 Application of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1.7 Economic and Social Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2 The Characteristics of Traffic Operation in High Altitude Areas . . . . 55
2.1 Characteristics of Traffic Accidents in Special High Altitude
Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.1.1 Basic Data on Traffic Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2.1.2 The Indicators and Methods of Traffic Accident
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2.1.3 General Distribution Characteristics of Traffic
Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
2.1.4 Characteristics of the Relationship Between
Traffic Accidents and People, Vehicles, Roads
and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.2 The Characteristics of the Traffic Flow in Special High
Altitude Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.2.1 Basic Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2.2.2 Traffic Volume and Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
2.2.3 Analysis of Traffic Flow Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
2.3 Traffic Safety Service Level in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
2.3.1 Determination of Road Segmentation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
2.3.2 Analysis of Traffic Accident Influencing Factors . . . . . . . . . . 116
2.3.3 Regional Highway Accident Prediction Model . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2.3.4 General Distribution Characteristics of Traffic
Accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
2.3.5 Traffic Safety Service Level of Secondary Highway . . . . . . . 136
2.3.6 Preliminary Study on Freeway Traffic Safety Service
Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
3 Dynamic Features of Typical Vehicles Under Low Pressure
and Oxygen Deficient Environment in High Altitude Areas . . . . . . . . . 141
3.1 Vehicle Types and Methods for Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.1.1 Vehicle Types for Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
3.1.2 Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
3.1.3 Test Site and Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
3.2 Principles of Vehicle Dynamics in Plateau Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
3.2.1 Principles of Vehicle Driving Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
3.2.2 Principle of Vehicle Driving Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
3.2.3 Altitude-Based Power and Resistance Discounting
Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
3.3 External Characteristics of Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
3.3.1 Test and Calculation Process of Engine External
Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
3.3.2 Comparison of Engine External Characteristics
at Different Altitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
3.3.3 Analysis of Engine Torque Reduction Coefficient . . . . . . . . . 163
3.4 Engine Braking Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
3.4.1 Engine Braking Characteristic Test and Calculation
Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
3.4.2 Comparison of Engine Braking Characteristics
at Different Altitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
3.4.3 Analysis of Engine Braking Torque Reduction
Coefficient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
